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Qualitative Research Methods - Syllabus


Course Overview

Qualitative research methods typically gather information through interviews, questionnaires, observation, or a review of literature and art. Analysis methods vary for qualitative research, but there are extremely well-defined processes that will help the researcher to learn more about the event or phenomena being studied.

This course will describe some common methods of qualitative research and analysis techniques to gather information about psi phenomena outside of the laboratory environment. Through the review of articles and psi reports, the students will learn how qualitative research is performed and reported for paranormal and psi phenomena.

This academic course is designed for the serious student and qualifies for many certificate programs.


Course Outline

Week 1

Qualitative vs Quantitative Research

  • Introduction & structure of the course
  • What is quantitative research?
  • What is qualitative research?
  • Choosing a research paradigm: quantitative vs qualitative
  • Deductive vs inductive
  • Purpose of open ended responses (surveys or questions?)
  • Inquiry by observation vs interviews
  • Why qualitative parapsychology research?

Week 2

Design Strategies & Design Document

  • Naturalistic, Emergent, & Purposeful designs
  • Data collection approaches
  • Analysis approaches
  • Examples of possible qualitative research in parapsychology
  • Design Document Overview

Week 3

Five Approaches to Qualitative Research

  • Overview of 5 approaches
  • Narrative
  • Phenomenology (Part 1)
  • Examples in parapsychology
  • Designing Narrative/Phenomenology

Week 4

Phenomenology

  • What is phenomenology?
  • Giorgi
  • Moustakas
  • Interpretive Phenomenology
  • Examples in parapsychology

Week 5

Grounded Theory & Ethnography

  • Grounded Theory
  • Ethnography
  • Examples in parapsychology
  • More design documents

Week 6

Case Study & Mixed Methods

  • Case Studies (vs. case reports)
  • Mixed Methods
  • Examples in parapsychology

Week 7

Reporting Qualitative Results

  • Reporting techniques
  • Personal approach
  • Consider the audience
  • Natural vs formal language
  • Examples in parapsychology
  • Review of design & reporting

Week 8

Validity, Reliability, and Evaluation

  • Introduction to evaluation of results
  • Validity
  • Reliability
  • Summary
  • Design document review

Course Materials

  • Text Book:
    Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing among five approaches
    by John W. Creswell
    2nd Ed. 2007 or later
  • Various articles selected by the instructor and provided for download throughout the course.

Course Activities

  • Students will be expected to view the class broadcasts or the recordings of the classes each week.
  • Students will be expected to participate in weekly discussion forums and activities. Each student will be expected to provide an original posting each week and to respond to at least one other student in the discussion forums. Greater participation in this area will be considered during class evaluations.
  • One multiple choice or short answer evaluations will be assigned after the 4th or 5th week of class.
  • The student will complete a basic design for Qualitative Research study including a research question, a choice for a methodological approach & analysis method, and a description of a reporting technique

Evaluation and Grading

Students who are taking the course for a grade will be assessed using a letter grade based on the standard letter grade format.

  • A (90-100)
  • B (80-89)
  • C (70-79)
  • D (60-69)
  • F (below 60)

Participation in the forums is a large component of the grading, and substantive postings are necessary to get full credit for each discussion topic.

The following activities will be considered to contribute to the courses as follows:

  • Discussions (5 points per week; Total 40%)
  • Assessment #1 (30%)
  • Experimental Design (30%)



Experiencing the Exceptional & Extraordinary (4 Week) - Syllabus


Course Description

What types of experiences do people report? Who reports them? What are some of the theories behind some of these experiences? How are these experiences evaluated and investigated?

About Experiencing the Exceptional and Extraordinary 
This 4 week course will provide overview of the full range and depths of exceptional experiences, also known as anomalous events, including experiences of hallucinations, lucid and precognitive dreams, near-death and out-of body events, UFO sightings, alien abductions, psychokinesis, remote viewing, mysticism, anomalous healing, psi-events and past-lives.

Experiencing the Exceptional & Extraordinary (EEE) will evaluate whether there are underlying similarities among all the phenomena and the issues with moving forward with a new scientific paradigm.


Course Outline

Week 1

Introduction and Overview

  • Varieties of Exceptional Experiences

  • Who reports EEs

  • Types of classifications

  • Early studies of the Society for Psychical Research 1886

  • Present studies overview Rhine, PA, SSE, PRS, PEAR, SoC

  • The scientific method and the objective vs. subjective crisis in research

Week 2

What is Reported?

  • Overview of reports: human figures, animals, objects

  • Investigations of hallucinations, lucid, precognitive dreams, OBEs

  • Investigations of hauntings & apparitions

  • Investigations of UFO and alien & apparitions

  • Investigations of remote viewing, psychokinesis

  • Investigations of anomalous healing

Week 3

How is it Reported?

  • Examining Scientific Evidence

  • A few classic case studies

  • NDEs, & after life

  • Past lives and reincarnation

  • Training for EEs

Week 4

Where do we do from here?

  • Beyond classification - understanding how to learn from spontaneous psi event in context

  • Recognizing genuine exceptional experiences

  • The unexpected cost of EEs

  • The academically treacherous phenomena of scientific research of exceptional experiences


Course Materials

  • Various articles, videos, and links selected by the instructor and provided for download or viewing in the courseroom throughout the course.

Course Activities

  • Students will be expected to view the class broadcasts or the recordings of the classes each week.
  • Though this course is not graded, to get the most out of this course, students should participate in weekly discussion forums and activities. In the forums, each student will be expected to provide an original posting each week and to respond to at least one other student. This is the fun and interactive part of the course!



Psychic Dreaming - Syllabus


Course Description

Dreams provoke mystery and curiosity as we ponder the workings of our unconscious mind. Some dreams are fun and exciting or even frightening or confusing. Other dreams have a special, unique quality that gives the dreamer a strong sense of meaning, and even other dreams seem to be a source of communication or a peek into events in the future.

Psychic dreams are recorded in cultures through the ages, but what exactly are they and are they real? How do people experience them, and is there a way to encourage yourself to have psychic dreams?

The course will take an in-depth look at dreams and dreaming in general and specifically how psychic information and abilities manifest in the dream state. We will consider out-of-body experiences in the dream state, apparitional visitations, clairvoyant dreams, past-life dreams, telepathic/mutual dreaming and the most prevalent form of psychic dreaming: precognitive dreams. In the course, we take a look at methods of working with dreams in order to further discover and influence your own psi-filled dreaming, and also look at the Lucid Dreaming state and how one might use it to enhance psi even in the waking state.


Course Outline

Week 1: WHAT ARE DREAMS, ANYWAY?

  • An introduction to Psychic Dreaming
  • Sleep & Dreaming
  • Theories of the function of Dreams
  • Lucid Dreams: an introduction
  • The place of Dreams and Psychic Dreams in history and other cultures

Week 2: PSI IN YOUR DREAMS: OUT OF BODY EXPERIENCES, PAST LIFE DREAMS, AND VISITATION DREAMS

  • The psi connection: an overview of psychic experiences in the Dream state
  • Dreaming and the Out of Body Experience
  • Dreams of Past Lives
  • Spirit Visitations in your Dreams

Week 3: CLAIRVOYANT, TELEPATHIC, AND PRECOGNITIVE DREAMS

  • Dreams and Déjà vu
  • Dream Telepathy
  • Real-Time Psi Dreams
  • Precognitive Dreaming
  • PK & Dreaming?

Week 4: WORKING WITH PSYCHIC DREAMS

  • Assessing Psychic Dreams: Is a (specific) dream psychic?
  • Lucid Dreams and Psi
  • Dreamwork & Psi-work
  • Course Wrap-Up

Course Materials

  • Text to purchase:
    PSYCHIC DREAMING by Loyd Auerbach (available in Kindle/Nook and paperback)
  • Various articles, videos, and links selected by the instructor and provided for download throughout the course.

Course Activities

  • Students will be expected to view the class broadcasts or the recordings of the classes each week.
  • Though this course is not graded, to get the most out of this course, students should participate in weekly discussion forums and activities. In the forums, each student will be expected to provide an original posting each week and to respond to at least one other student. This is the fun and interactive part of the course!



Syllabus: Theories of Psi - An Introduction


Course Description

This eight week academic course introduces students to the theories of psi.

Many people claim that there is no theoretical foundation for psi phenomena, but over a century of research has involved many theories of psi activity and the best way to demonstrate psi phenomena.  From theories of animal magnetism to quantum physics to astrology, researchers have been testing the validity of theories that may contribute to the events that so many people experience in their lives.

This course is an introduction to the theories that guide psi researchers in their quest to better understand how psi works.  It includes practical theories like the experimenter effect and the decline effect, psychological theories like the sheep-goat effect, and more recent theories like Decision Augmentation Theory, First Sight Theory, and even an exploration of similarities between psi phenomena and quantum physics.

Students should have a foundation in parapsychology with a focus on reviewing research articles.  It is an introduction to the theories of psi, but does not include an introduction to parapsychology. 

Recommended prerequisites:  Introduction to Parapsychology or experience or courses that include reading and evaluating scientific parapsychology articles from peer reviewed journals.


Course Outline


  • Theories of ESP

    1. GESP & Decision Augmentation Theory

      • What is ESP
      • Testing Telepathy, Clairvoyance, Precognition
      • GESP
      • Decision Augmentation Theory
      • Can we ever know?
    2. Signal to Noise; Target Types

      • ESP Cards
      • Remote Viewing & Ganzfeld
      • Factors that influence performance (mental discipline; belief; previous experience)
      • Creativity, dissociation, & belief
      • Sensory deprivation
      • Targets & judging
    3. Psi Missing, Decline Effect, Experimenter Effect

      • Psi Missing is psi
      • Decline Effect in ESP and other sciences
      • Local Sidereal Time
      • Experimenter Effect in ESP & other sciences
    4. PMIR & First Sight Theory

      • Conscious vs unconscious cognition
      • What is PMIR?
      • What is First Sight Theory of Psi?
  • Theories of Time and Energy

    1. Precognition, Synchronicities, & Creating the Future

      • Is time real?
      • Synchronicities or psi?
      • Precognitive dreams
      • Presentiment
      • Do we see the future or create the future?
    2. Energies: Field, Waves, Particles - Healing Mechanisms

      • Phenomena: ESP, PK, & Healing
      • Distance & barriers
      • Particles, Waves, & Fields
      • Healing Measurements
      • Magnetic effects, local & global
      • GCP & group effects
      • Healing energies vs facilitating vs creating the future
  • Theories of Survival and Science

    1. Survival vs Super Psi

      • What is super psi?
      • Mediumship
      • Out of Body Experiences
      • Near-Death Experiences
      • Cases of the Reincarnation Type
      • Apparitions & Hauntings
    2. Quantum Theories & Psi

      • Observer Effect
      • Entanglement
      • Uncertainty Theory

Course Materials

Suggested Readings:

Real Magic by Dean Radin (Accessible and easy to read, but very well researched)

First Sight Theory of Psi by Jim Carpenter (academic and complex, but well structured)

Various articles and other media provided by the instructor through the courseroom.


Course Activities

  • Students will be expected to view the class broadcasts or the recordings of the classes each week.
  • Students will be expected to participate in weekly discussion forums and activities. Each student will be expected to provide an original posting each week and to respond to at least one other student in the discussion forums. Greater participation in this area will be considered during class evaluations.
  • One multiple choice or short answer evaluations will be assigned after the 4th or 5th week of class.
  • Students will evaluate a phenomenon explored by parapsychologists and discuss it from a theoretical perspective. This will be a 3 – 7 page paper due at the end of the course.

Evaluations and Grading

Students who are taking the course for a grade will be assessed using a letter grade based on the standard letter grade format.

A – 90 - 100

B – 80 – 89

C – 70 – 79

D – 60 – 69

F – Below 60

Participation in the forums is a large component of the grading, and substantive postings are necessary to get full credit for each discussion topic.

The following activities will be considered to contribute to the courses as follows:

Discussions (Total 40%): 5 points for each of the 8 weeks including responses to other people's posts

Assessment #1 (30%)

Research Summary (30%)


Syllabus - Ethics in Field Investigations



Course Description

This 6-week course provides a discussion of the ethical issues that can arise in psi research and field investigations and introduces practices to ensure ethical considerations are being addressed. Topics will include the basic foundation of ethics including an introduction to Institutional Review Boards and the ethical guidelines used by professional researchers. In addition, examples will be provided from real-life investigations and situations that are often encountered by field investigators.

Besides paranormal investigations, investigations also include exploring reincarnation, and practices related to mediumship and after-death communications.


Course Objectives

This course will introduce students to the topics related to ethics of investigations and research that involves animals or human participants. The general topic of ethics will be introduced, and students will be provided with the tools necessary to create a document for ethical review. In addition, the terminology related to ethics and an Institutional Review Board (IRB) will provide examples that will enable students to create professional documents for review.

In addition to the basic concepts and processes for ethical review, examples will be provided to stimulate discussion of real-world situations that may introduce ethical dilemas.



Course Outline

  1. Week 1: Introduction to Ethics and Guidelines (Kruth)
    • What are ethics?
    • APA Ethical Guidelines
    • General Principles
    • Confidentiality & Informed Consent
    • Other ethical considerations
    • PA Ethical Guidelines
    • Special topics for parapsychologists
  2. Week 2: Ethics in Parapsychology (Kruth)
    • Why include different ethics for parapsychology?
    • PA Ethical Guidelines
    • Special Topics for Parapsychologists
    • Creating a plan for an investigation or research study
      • Documenting the experiences of participants on location
      • Considering informed consent
      • Deception & other special situations
  3. Week 3: Professional Ethical Reviews (Kruth)
    • What is an IRB?
    • Working with an IRB and adapting to conditions
    • Developing a review document
      • Addendums
      • Making changes to your design
    • Creating a generic review document
  4. Week 4: Ethics in investigations (Auerbach)
    • Ethical issues in investigations
    • Ethics considerations for decision making: investigate or not?
    • Ethics and confidentiality during investigations
    • Ethical issues with respect to resolutions
    • Ethical considerations when writing/speaking about individual cases
    • Examples
  5. Week 5: More Investigative Ethics (Auerbach)
    • Assessing a psychic practiioner and the results
    • Ethics of investigating mediumship demonstrations
      • Mental/evidential mediums
      • Physical Mediums
    • Investigating Reincarnation cases
    • Client based ethics (esp. when working with psychics/mediums)
  6. Week 6: Consent forms & Ethics in media interactions (Auerbach)
    • Consent forms: why use them
    • Consent forms: what needs to be in them (with an example)
    • Legal issues with respect to field investigation
    • Ethical issues that come up with requests from the Media
    • Ethical considerations when contacting the Media
    • TV and other release forms: the good, the bad, and the ugly (with examples)


Course Materials

Various articles provides by the instructor and provided for download throughout the course.


Course Activities

  • Students will be expected to view the class broadcasts or the recordings of the classes each week.
  • Students will be expected to participate in weekly discussion forums and activities. Each student will be expected to provide an original posting each week and to respond to at least one other student in the discussion forums. Greater participation in this area will be considered during class evaluations.
  • FINAL Project: Students will develop a formal consent form that addresses the ethical issues discussed in the course. In addition, the student will answer questions regarding the ethical topics that are associated with sample cases that will be provided. The document should be just a few pages in length and must conform to the format and outline provided in the courseroom for professional ethical reviews. The final project will be due 10 days after the final class is broadcast.

Evaluation and Grading

Students who are taking the course for a grade will be assessed using a letter grade based on the standard letter grade format.
A – 90 - 100.
B – 80 – 89.
C – 70 – 79.
D – 60 – 69.
F – Below 60.

Participation in the forums is a large component of the grading, and substantive postings are necessary to get full credit for each discussion topic.

The following activities will be considered to contribute to the courses as follows:

Discussions (Total 40%)

  • Week 1 (5%)
  • Week 2 (5%)
  • Week 3 (5%)
  • Week 4 (5%)
  • Week 5 (5%)
  • Week 6 (5%)

Final Project(70%)


More Articles …

  1. Syllabus - Art as Psi: A Portal (4 Week)
  2. Syllabus - A Skeptical Approach to Parapsychology
  3. Syllabus - Paranormal Tech - Nontraditional
  4. Syllabus - Power of Nature
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Areas of Study

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  • Current Courses at the Rhine Education Center
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  • School of Applied Sciences
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  • Course Schedules
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  • Professional Education in Parapsychology
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